地区收入、食品价格与恩格尔系数

本文以2016年我国31个省级地区截面数据为样本，构建扩展模型考察恩格尔系数与收入、食品价格之间的关系。研究发现，恩格尔系数与地区收入存在显著的负相关性，纳入食品价格后收入对恩格尔系数的影响变得更为显著，二者关系满足恩格尔定律。恩格尔系数和以地区食品价格平价代表的食品价格之间显著正相关，若再考虑其他因素，则食品价格对恩格尔系数的影响会稍有减弱。进一步将食品区分为生活必需型食品与非生活必需型食品，测算得到的基本恩格尔系数、高阶恩格尔系数与收入之间仍呈负相关关系，但与基本恩格尔系数相比，高阶恩格尔系数与收入之间的负相关性更弱。恩格尔系数受生活必需型食品价格的影响强于非生活必需型食品价格的影响，基本恩格尔系数主要受生活必需型食品价格的影响，而高阶恩格尔系数同时受到两类食品价格的影响。     

It’s about the process,not the result: An fMRI approach to explore the encoding of explicit and implicit price information

This research examines the neurophysiological correlates of consumers’ price memory processes. We focus on the explicit and implicit dimensions of consumers’ price knowledge and use an experimental functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study to assess how the encoding of task-dependent price memory affects the choice process and neural activation. The findings of our study add to the field of consumer neuroscience by demonstrating how neural correlates of explicit and implicit task-dependent price memory can shed light on processes that guide consumer decision-making. Over the course of our experiment we found that consumers did not always make consistent decisions, but that their decisions were influenced by explicit components of price memory. Implicit price memory components seem to have a more supportive role in the decision-making process. In summary, we found that price memory is a dynamic construct that is influenced by unconscious and neurophysiological processes, and we conclude that a neurophysiological perspective can add value for consumer and marketing research.     

前瞻型环境战略对企业绿色形象的影响研究

从自然资源基础观出发,研究前瞻型环境战略对企业绿色形象的影响.提出前瞻型环境战略会通过影响绿色核心能力、绿色产品创新与绿色过程创新,进而对企业绿色形象产生积极影响,并创建了相关关系模型.研究表明,前瞻型环境战略会提升企业绿色形象,绿色核心能力与绿色创新在前瞻型环境战略与企业绿色形象间存在链式中介作用.另外,对比了提升企业绿色形象的不同路径,为企业构建高区分度的企业形象提供了新的思路和建议.     

CPI之GEKS指数序列更新方法及窗口长度选择问题辨析

大数据来源下CPI指数的创新编制,对及时了解新经济时代的物价走向和识别通胀危机、预测宏观经济拐点以实现我国通胀治理现代化、推动经济平稳和高质量发展具有重大意义。GEKS多边指数是近些年国际学术界重点研发的大数据热点价格指数,但其构造方法颇具争议。借助超市扫描大数据,就GEKS指数序列更新方法、窗口长度选择等学界难题开展理论与实证研究,获得了以下富有启发性的结论:①GEKS指数序列更新方法2、3应用效果相对较差;②随着窗口长度的增加,GEKS环比价格指数会趋于单位值,不同更新方法下的GEKS链式指数也会呈现一定的趋同性;而GEKS指数的通胀趋势判断力却不受此影响,但更新方法的选择却会导致其不同的通胀趋势预测结果;③更新方法4会随着窗口长度的增加而呈现更强的替代偏误,方法1却没有出现明显的替代偏误。综合而言,更新方法1和13个月窗口长度应该是编制GEKS指数序列更为合理的组合方式。     

重点产业政策对出口再分配的影响

基于2000-2013年海关数据与各省份五年规划数据,本文考察了重点产业政策对出口再分配的影响机制。研究发现,政府对特定行业的支持会引致产品维度不同类型企业间的出口再分配;产品市场获得支持会吸引潜在出口商参与出口、争夺市场份额,也会吸引在位出口商将部分业务转移到获得政策支持的行业、进行业务试探;同时,市场竞争的加剧也会加速淘汰竞争力较差的中小企业,促进产品维度新旧企业的更新换代。进一步,本文通过对比不同类型企业的出口动态,考察了重点产业政策对企业出口平均单价与产品质量的影响,发现政府对特定行业的支持会降低出口市场的准入门槛,导致更多的低价低质企业进入市场。可见,适度的政策支持有助于产品市场内企业的更新换代,激发市场活力;但政策的制定必须兼顾企业更新换代过程中的质量攀升机制,才能充分发挥其对出口再分配的优化作用,推动对外贸易的可持续发展。     

A new nonlinear asymmetric cointegration approach using error correction models

In this article, two new powerful tests for cointegration are proposed. The general idea is based on an intuitively appealing extension of the traditional, rather restrictive cointegration concept. In this article, we allow for a nonlinear, but most importantly a different, asymmetric convergence process to account for negative and positive changes in our cointegration approach. Using Monte Carlo simulations we verify, that the estimated size of the first test depends on the unknown value of a signal-to-noise ratio q. However, our second test—which is based on the original ideas of Kanioura and Turner—is more successful and robust in the sense that it works in all of the different evaluated situations. Furthermore it is shown to be more powerful than the traditional residual based Enders and Siklos method. The new optimal test is also applied in an empirical example in order to test for potential nonlinear asymmetric price transmission effects on the Swedish power market. We find that there is a higher propensity for power retailers to rapidly and systematically increase their retail electricity prices subsequent to increases in Nordpool's wholesale prices, than there is for them to reduce their prices subsequent to a drop in wholesale spot prices.     

Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications

In the last decades, green and sustainable supply chain management practices have been developed, trying to integrate environmental concerns into organisations by reducing unintended negative consequences on the environment of production and consumption processes. In parallel to this, the circular economy discourse has been propagated in the industrial ecology literature and practice. Circular economy pushes the frontiers of environmental sustainability by emphasising the idea of transforming products in such a way that there are workable relationships between ecological systems and economic growth. Therefore, circular economy is not just concerned with the reduction of the use of the environment as a sink for residuals but rather with the creation of self-sustaining production systems in which materials are used over and over again.Through two case studies from different process industries (chemical and food), this paper compares the performances of traditional and circular production systems across a range of indicators. Direct, indirect and total lifecycle emissions, waste recovered, virgin resources use, as well as carbon maps (which provide a holistic visibility of the entire supply chain) are presented. The paper asserts that an integration of circular economy principles within sustainable supply chain management can provide clear advantages from an environmental point view. Emerging supply chain management challenges and market dynamics are also highlighted and discussed.     

Evaluation of multi-objective optimization approaches for solving green supply chain design problems

This paper evaluates the applicability of different multi-objective optimization methods for environmentally conscious supply chain design. We analyze a case study with three objectives: costs, CO₂ and fine dust (also known as PM – Particulate Matters) emissions. We approximate the Pareto front using the weighted sum and epsilon constraint scalarization methods with pre-defined or adaptively selected parameters, two popular evolutionary algorithms, SPEA2 and NSGA-II, with different selection strategies, and their interactive counterparts that incorporate Decision Maker׳s (DM׳s) indirect preferences into the search process. Within this case study, the CO₂ emissions could be lowered significantly by accepting a marginal increase of costs over their global minimum. NSGA-II and SPEA2 enabled faster estimation of the Pareto front, but produced significantly worse solutions than the exact optimization methods. The interactive methods outperformed their a posteriori counterparts, and could discover solutions corresponding better to the DM preferences. In addition, by adjusting appropriately the elicitation interval and starting generation of the elicitation, the number of pairwise comparisons needed by the interactive evolutionary methods to construct a satisfactory solution could be decreased.     

Green supply chain management: the case of the construction sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Restraining the negative environmental impacts of the construction sector constitutes one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. However, efforts to address it have been largely fragmented. With environmental consequences of a construction project typically dispersed across its life cycle, i.e. from design through to end-of-life, greening this sector requires a supply chain wide focus inclusive of all key stages and stakeholders; also, all relevant aspects such as the nature of green practices implemented and associated drivers, barriers and performance implications need to be considered. This forms the focus of the present study where a comprehensive, green supply chain management oriented understanding of the construction sector is developed through the context of the UAE construction sector, and incorporating inputs from all key stakeholders, i.e. Developers, Architects/Consultants, Contractors and (material) Suppliers. The study contributes to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of greening of the construction sector.     

论工资率提高、通货膨胀与人民生活水平的改善——基于合肥市的实证研究

工资和物价水平是关乎民生的两个重要研究课题，稳定物价水平也是宏观经济政策的重要内容之一。随着国内物价水平不断上涨，通货膨胀预期不断递增，缓解人民生活压力和改善人民生活水平已经成为当前宏观调控的主要任务。对于通货膨胀的解释历来存在需求拉动型和成本推动型之争，对通货膨胀的不同解释意味着不同的宏观经济政策选择。利用构建联立方程组模型，将工资率和通货膨胀纳入同一个分析框架，模拟分析工资率与价格水平的之间关系。基于合肥市各部门相关数据的模拟结果显示，提高工资率和通货膨胀之间有一定的相关关系，这意味着通货膨胀包含工资成本推动因素，但是，模拟结果还显示工资的提高对经济发展的促进作用大于对价格的推动作用。